A long time ago, swords were very expensive and difficult to make. Knights used to name their swords, and pass them down to their sons as cherished objects and essential weapons. Over the course of many generations, these swords would come to be given personalities as the stories about their adventures grew.
Even though these days practically anyone can log on to the internet and buy the sword (foil, epee, or sabre) of their choice, your weapon is one of the most personal pieces of equipment you will own. If you are lucky to have more than one, you may develop a favorite. You might even feel that your sword is an equal partner in your fencing adventures, and give it a measure of credit for your successes!
The truth is, a sword is only as good as the person who wields it. But it is hard to deny the power of a well fitting sword. So in this post, I’ll focus on foils and all the parts that go into having a foil that is well suited to your fencing style and body type.
Blade
The easiest part of picking the right blade is finding the right size. Foils come in sizes 0-5, with zero the smallest, and 5 the longest. Adults generally use size 5 blades, and smaller fencers use shorter blades. The length also affects the weight, which makes it easier for younger fencers to have better point control when they have the right size blade. As they grow, they’ll want to get a longer blade so that they aren’t at a disadvantage fencing against people with full length blades. Generally when they hit middle school they are ready for a full length blade.
The next thing to look for is stiffness. A new fencer should have a softer blade, because generally they don’t yet know their own strength and may hit harder than they intend to. Cheap blades are generally more flexible and “whippy,” but they also tend to bend in strange directions that are hard to fix. Buy a blade that is in the mid-range of prices. We like StM blades, but Triplette has some good ones (though they are a bit stiffer), and having a France Lames is a real treat.
Grip
There are three main types of grips: French, Italian, and Orthopedic. French grips are what we start most of our fencers with, since they fit a wide variety of hand sizes and promote good hand positioning. With a french grip, you can make very small, precise movements. We recommend these grips for beginners.
Italian grips have quillions, or curved pieces which extend from the cross pieces down to the guard. It is held similarly to a french grip, with the index finger and thumb lightly pinching the grip, and with the crossbar gently resting on the base-knuckle of the index finger and the middle phalanx of the ring finger. Unlike any other kind of grip, the pommel is strapped to the wrist with an Italian grip, giving extra power to actions against the blade and circle parries. (If you have an Italian foil, you will want a wrist strap to go with it. You can use lots of things for this – from dog collars to watch bands – or you can get one that is made for that purpose. One supplier we’ve heard great things about is Twin Arms Fencing.)
Orthopedic grips go by many names. These may be called by their brand name (Visconti or Zikovic, for example), or pistol grips, Belgian grips, or Russian grips. Each refers to a slightly different style, but what makes an Orthopedic grip is the way it is formed to the contours of the hand. It is the most recently invented type of grip, and is favored by fencers who want a stronger grip on their weapon. It is also helpful for fencers who have a missing finger or loss of hand control due to arthritis.
Make sure to fit the grip correctly. With Italian and French grips, one size fits all. Orthopedic grips come in different sizes, and can be uncomfortable, hard to hold, or even illegal in competition if they don’t fit correctly. If you have to buy one online, see if you can find someone who will lend you theirs so you can test it first. You can also attend a large tournament where there are vendors and they will have a variety of sizes to try.
One quick warning about switching from a French or Italian grip to an Orthopedic grip – there’s no going back, at least not for that foil. Orthopedic grips require you to cut the tang (threaded part) of your blade too short to use with a French or Italian grip. You can always cut it shorter, but you can’t glue it back on! Make sure you’re ready to buy a new blade if you find you don’t like the grip as well as you thought you would.
Balance
All of the parts of a foil should work together to create balance. Choosing parts that counterbalance other items – such as a correctly weighted pommel – will create a well balanced foil, making the tip seem to move effortlessly. To see where your balance point is (tip heavy or pommel heavy), rest the blade on two fingers in front of the guard. Adjust your fingers along the blade until the foil is balanced. If your fingers are close to the guard it is pommel heavy; if they are down the blade, it is tip heavy.
You will figure out as you try different foils which way you like the balance to go. Watch yourself in line drill – does your point drift up to the ceiling when you aren’t paying attention, or does it drift toward the floor? There’s no substitute for good form, but there’s also no harm in having a foil that counterbalances your bad habits.
Fun Stuff
Foils are like your whites – not a whole lot you can do to customize them. However, like wearing fun colored socks, there are a few things you can mix up for a one-of-a-kind foil. Thumbpads, martingales, and tip tape can be made in fun color combinations so that you know which foil is yours.
Some people like to cut down their guard into shapes other than the typical round ones you see. Make sure before you do this that it is legal in competition. If it is not, sometimes you can use this for practice, and have a separate foil for competition. Just ask an instructor before you cut something you can’t glue back together!
“Antique” Foils
If you go on eBay or other well known websites, you can probably find a used or “antique” fencing foil. Perhaps a family member or a friend has an old one they want to give you. Many of these are fine to use, as grips, pommels, and guards don’t go bad. But be careful with the blade. You may find it will break soon after you get it. This is normal for used blades, especially old ones, but still disappointing. Be prepared to buy a new blade.
The good news is that all foils can be taken apart and put back together again. So if one part breaks, you can still use all the other parts. This also means that you can adjust your foil as you grow or as your style or technique changes, trying new grips, guards, blades, and the like.
I love my foil because it fits me just perfectly, and together we’ve created many memories and taught many students. So tell me, why do you love your foil?